Toluene (molecular formula: C7H8) yog homologue ntawm benzene, tseem hu ua "methyl benzene" thiab "phenyl methane". Nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom nrog lub aroma tshwj xeeb. Toluene yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm aromatic hydrocarbons. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, toluene tsuas tuaj yeem hlawv tsis tiav thiab nplaim taws daj. Ntau yam ntawm nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov benzene thiab muaj cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ib yam li cov benzene. Hauv kev xyaum, lawv feem ntau siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj organic es tsis yog cov tshuaj lom benzene.
Toluene yog nquag chlorination thiab tsim benzene-chloromethane lossis benzene-trichloromethane, ob qho tib si yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo; Nws tuaj yeem rho tawm bromine los ntawm cov dej bromine, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog dej bromine; nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim rau nitrify thiab tsim nitrotoluene los yog o-nitrotoluene, ob qho tib si yog cov khoom siv raw ntawm dyes; ib feem ntawm toluene thiab peb feem ntawm nitric acid yog nitrated muab trinitrotoluene (tej npe TNT); nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim sulfonated los tsim o-toluenesulfonic acid los yog p-toluenesulfonate uas yog raw cov ntaub ntawv rau dyes los yog ua saccharin. Toluene vapor sib xyaw nrog huab cua los tsim cov khoom tawg, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua rau TNT tawg.
Toluene yog muab los ntawm thee tar thiab aspetroleum. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov roj av thiab ntau cov kuab tshuaj roj av. Toluene yog siv los tsim trinitrotoluene (TNT), toluene diisocyanate, thiab benzene; raws li cov khoom xyaw fordyes, tshuaj, thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes; thiab raws li industrialsolvent rau roj hmab, xim, coatings, andoils.
Toluene muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab roj av, nrog kwv yees li 6 lab tons siv txhua xyoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab 16 lab tons siv thoob ntiaj teb. Kev siv loj ntawm toluene yog raws li octane booster hauv roj av. Toluene muaj qhov ntsuas octane ntawm 114. Toluene yog ib qho ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab, nrog rau benzene, xylene, thiab ethylbenzene, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm refining los txhim kho cov roj av kev ua tau zoo. Ua ke, plaub lub tebchaw no yog luv ua BTEX. BTEX yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj av, tsim txog 18% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw. Txawm hais tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab yog sib txawv los tsim cov khoom sib txawv kom tau raws li thaj chaw thiab raws caij nyoog, toluene yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov roj av ib txwm muaj kwv yees li 5% toluene los ntawm qhov hnyav.
Toluene yog thawj cov khoom noj siv los tsim ntau yam organic tebchaw. Nws yog siv los tsim diisocyanates. Isocyanates muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ?N = C = O, thiab diisocyanates muaj ob ntawm cov no. Ob lub ntsiab diisocyanates yog toluene 2,4-diisocyanate thiab toluene 2,6-diisocyanate. Kev tsim cov diisocyanates nyob rau hauv North America yog ze rau ib lab lab txhua xyoo. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm toluene diisocyanate ntau lawm yog siv los ua polyurethanes foams. Cov tom kawg yog siv los ua cov khoom siv tau yooj yim hauv cov rooj tog zaum, txaj txaj, thiab cushions.Hauv daim ntawv nruj nws yog siv rau rwb thaiv tsev, tawv plhaub txheej, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws pib qhov chaw, thiab cov menyuam skate log.
Hauv kev tsim cov benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, explosives, dyes, thiab ntau lwm yam organic compounds; ua ib qho hnyav rau cov xim, lacquers, pos hniav, resins; thinner rau inks, perfumes, dyes; nyob rau hauv extraction ntawm ntau yam hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag; raws li roj av additive.
Chemwin tuaj yeem muab ntau hom hydrocarbons thiab cov kuab tshuaj tshuaj lom neeg rau cov neeg siv khoom.Ua ntej ntawd, thov nyeem cov lus qhia hauv qab no txog kev ua lag luam nrog peb:
1. Kev ruaj ntseg
Kev nyab xeeb yog peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau kev muab cov neeg siv khoom paub txog kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg siv peb cov khoom, peb kuj tau cog lus los xyuas kom meej tias kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg cog lus raug txo qis rau qhov tsim nyog thiab ua tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Yog li, peb xav kom tus neeg siv khoom kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tsim nyog tshem tawm thiab khaws cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tau ua tiav ua ntej peb xa khoom (thov xa mus rau HSSE appendix nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus dav dav thiab kev muag khoom hauv qab no). Peb cov kws tshaj lij HSSE tuaj yeem muab kev taw qhia txog cov qauv no.
2. Txoj kev xa khoom
Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaj thiab xa cov khoom los ntawm chemwin, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom los ntawm peb cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov hom kev thauj mus los muaj xws li tsheb thauj mus los, tsheb ciav hlau lossis kev thauj mus los ntau yam (xws li kev sib cais).
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg yuav tsum tau, peb muaj peev xwm qhia kom meej qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm barges los yog tankers thiab siv tshwj xeeb kev nyab xeeb / tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab cov kev cai.
3. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kom muaj nuj nqis
Yog tias koj yuav khoom los ntawm peb lub vev xaib, qhov kev txiav txim yam tsawg kawg nkaus yog 30 tons.
4. Kev them nyiaj
Txoj kev them nyiaj tus qauv yog txiav tawm ncaj qha hauv 30 hnub txij li daim ntawv xa nyiaj.
5. Cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tau muab nrog rau txhua qhov kev xa khoom:
· Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv thauj mus los
· Certificate of Analysis los yog Conformity (yog xav tau)
· Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog HSSE raws li txoj cai
· Cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai raws li txoj cai (yog tias xav tau)