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Khoom npe:polyurethane

Khoom Qauv Qauv Qauv:

Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom:

Polyurethanes tau ua thawj zaug ua ntej thiab tshawb fawb los ntawm Dr. otto Bayer xyoo 1937. Polyurethane yog cov polymer uas yog chav rov qab muaj qhov urethane. Urethanes yog derivatives ntawm carbamic acids uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lawv esters [15]. Qhov loj tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm PU yog tias txoj saw hlau tsis tsim nyog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms tab sis es ntawm heteroatoms, oxygen, pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen [4]. Rau cov ntawv thov muaj kev lag luam, polyhydroxyl compound yuav siv tau. Ib yam li ntawd, Poly-Functional Nitrogen cov tebchaw tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov chaw nyob ua ke. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab sib txawv ntawm polyhyduntexyl thiab polyfunctional nitrogen sib xyaw, cov kua txiv sib txawv tuaj yeem ua ke [15]. Polyester lossis polyether ciaj sia muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl tau siv los tsim Polyesteror Polyether-Pu, ntsig txog [6]. Kev sib txawv hauv cov xov tooj ntawm cov chaw hloov chaw thiab nyob rau hauv ceg sib dhos tsim pus lining los ntawm legar mus rau branched thiab 9exible rau rigid. Tawm pus yog siv rau kev tsim cov fibers thiab moulding [6]. Saj zawg zog pus yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov kev cog qoob loo thiab cov tsho tiv no [5]. Saj zawg zog thiab cov figid foamed plastics, uas ua rau feem ntau cov kua paug tsim tawm, tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv ntau hom kev lag luam [7]. Siv cov molecular tsawg molecular txheej, ntau cov block copolymers tuaj yeem tsim tawm. Lub davhlau ya nyob davhlau ya nyob twg hydroxyl tso cai rau lwm cov blocks, hu ua ntu, yuav tsum tau ntxig rau hauv cov saw pu. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntu cov txiaj ntsig tau ua rau cov qib sib txawv ntawm lub zog tensile thiab elasticity. Cov blocks muab cov theem nruj rigid crystalline thiab muaj cov saw txuas txuas mus rau cov ntu nyuaj [7]. Cov yielding ib tug amorphous rubbery theem thiab muaj cov polyester / Polyether yog hu ua ntu mos. Kev Lag Luam, cov block polymers yog hu ua segmented pus

Daim Ntawv Thov:

Polyurethanes yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Lawv tej kev siv ntau yam los ntawm cov rooj tog hloov tau yooj yim hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab khau khiab, cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab elastomers thiab elastomers siv nyob rau hauv pem teb thiab elastive interdicors [17,18]. Polyurethanes tau siv ntau ntxiv rau hauv peb caug xyoo dhau los vim lawv muaj kev nplij siab, cov nyiaj pab tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm txuag lub suab. Qee yam ntawm cov xwm txheej uas ua rau polyurethanes yog li ntshaw? Polyurethane durabiles ua rau muaj kev ua neej ntev ntev ntawm ntau cov khoom. Cov kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub neej thiab kev siv peev txheej yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab ib puag ncig uas feem ntau nyiam xaiv cov polyurethanes [19-21]. Polyurethanes (pus) sawv cev rau chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm Thermoplastic thiab thermoset polymers raws li lawv cov tshuab, thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm los ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ntau lub polyols thiab poly-isocyanates.