Acetoneyog cov kua tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom uas tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Nws yog ib hom ketone lub cev nrog cov mis molecular C3H6O. Acetone yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog qhov kub ntawm 56.11°C thiab melting point ntawm -94.99°C. Nws muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab thiab muaj zog heev. Nws yog soluble hauv dej, ether, thiab cawv, tab sis tsis nyob hauv dej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, uas yuav siv tau los tsim ntau yam tebchaw, thiab kuj yog siv raws li ib tug hnyav, huv si, thiab lwm yam.

Dab tsi yog cov khoom xyaw ntawm acetone? Txawm hais tias acetone yog cov tshuaj dawb huv, nws cov txheej txheem tsim muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cia peb saib ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm acetone los ntawm nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, dab tsi yog txoj kev los ua acetone? Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim acetone, uas feem ntau yog ib qho catalytic oxidation ntawm propylene. Cov txheej txheem no siv huab cua ua oxidant, thiab siv cov khoom siv tsim nyog los hloov propylene rau hauv acetone thiab hydrogen peroxide. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

CH3 = CH2 + 3/2O2→CH3COCH3 + H2O2

Cov catalyst siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ib qho oxide ntawm titanium dioxide txhawb nqa ntawm cov cab kuj inert xws liγ-Al2O3. Hom catalyst no muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev xaiv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm propylene rau acetone. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee txoj hauv kev suav nrog kev tsim cov acetone los ntawm dehydrogenation ntawm isopropanol, tsim cov acetone los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm acrolein, thiab lwm yam.

Yog li dab tsi tshuaj ua acetone? Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm acetone, propylene yog siv los ua raw khoom, thiab huab cua yog siv los ua oxidant. Cov catalyst siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog titanium dioxide txhawb rauγ-Al2O3. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov purity acetone siab, tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv si xws li distillation thiab rectification feem ntau xav tau kom tshem tawm lwm yam impurities hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov purity acetone siab, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li distillation thiab rectification feem ntau yuav tsum tau tshem tawm lwm yam impurities hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev kho mob tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom txo tau cov pa phem thiab emissions.

Hauv luv luv, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm acetone suav nrog ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov kauj ruam, tab sis cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab oxidant yog propylene thiab huab cua feem. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium dioxide txhawb rauγ-Al2O3 feem ntau yog siv los ua catalyst los txhawb cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum kawg, tom qab kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv si xws li distillation thiab rectification, high-purity acetone tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv.